When General Patton and MacArthur Drove Veterans Out of Washington In the summer of 1932, roughly 43,000 people gathered in Washington D.C., including 17,000 World War I soldiers and 26,000 family members. They were the Bonus Expeditionary Force, demanding early payment of a bonus Congress promised in 1924 but scheduled for 1945. Each held a certificate worth $1 per day in the U.S. and $1.25 per day overseas, desperately needed during the Great Depression when unemployment reached 24%. They built over 1,500 huts on the Anacostia Flats. The encampment became the largest Hooverville, a shantytown named after President Hoover, with organized sanitation, streets, a small newspaper, a school, a mess hall, and medical stations. Congress debated their request, but the Senate rejected the bonus on June 17, 1932, by 62 - 18. Many refused to leave. On July 28, President Hoover ordered the camps cleared. Hoover faced declining public support as the economy worsened and unemployment peaked near 24%, contributing to a sharp decline in his popularity, which fell to roughly 23%. With business leaders urging action against perceived disorder, Hoover authorized Army Chief of Staff Douglas MacArthur to lead the operation. MacArthur oversaw 600 troops, including cavalry, infantry, and six M1917 tanks commanded by Major George S. Patton. Soldiers advanced with bayonets and fired tear gas while cavalry pushed crowds through the streets. By nightfall, the camp was set on fire, destroying hundreds of shelters and leaving thousands homeless. Thousands of personal belongings, including blankets and tents, were burned. At least 2 men were killed and more than 1,000 injured or treated for gas exposure. One participant told a reporter, “We fought for this country and now the country fights us.” Images of troops led by MacArthur and Patton driving out these former servicemen shocked the nation and became one of the most damaging moments of Hoover’s presidency. #USHistory #History #America